Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Interstitial lung disease, chest wall disease, or bronchospastic disease with no flare-ups in the past 2 weeks of presentation
2. History of difficult intubation or ventilation
3. Airway malformation
4. Congenital heart disease
5. Cardiac arrhythmias
6. Central nervous system disease, including developmental delay, cerebral palsy, or seizure disorder
7. History of or family history of malignant hyperthermia
8. Electrolyte disorders
9. Gastrointestinal disease
10. Hepatic dysfunction
11. Renal dysfunction
12. Metabolic disease, such as diabetes
13. Obesity, defined as a body mass index greater than the 95% percentile for age
14. Preterm infant (less than 37 weeks gestational age) 15. Use of any medications (anticonvulsants, opioids, benzodiazepines, antibiotics, antihistamines drugs that induce hepatic enzymes) that may affect MAC.

Inclusion Criteria

All patients age 1 month- 3 years presenting for surgery.