Electrophysiologic Sleep Phenotyping and Sleep-Dependent Neuro-maturation in Clinical and Healthy Pediatric Populations

* INCLUSION CRITERIA :

Inclusion criteria for Group A (No known risk)

-Consent: Parent/caregiver (legal guardian) can give consent. NIH employees children are eligible to participate with the exception of NIMH employees children.

Comments: Parents will provide consent for all minors. Verbal assent will be obtained from minors 7 years and older when applicable.

* The child is between 6 months \& 76 months at the time of enrollment for the main study.

Comments: Prescreening assessment

-Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) \< 2/hour and no other evidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB)

Inclusion criteria for Group B (Known risk)

-Consent: Parent/caregiver (legal guardian) can give consent. NIH employees children are eligible to participate with the exception of NIMH employees children.

Comments: Parents will provide consent for all minors. Verbal assent will be obtained from minors 7 years and older when applicable.

-The child is between 6 months \& 76 months at the time of enrollment for the main study.

Comments: Screening assessment

-The child meets any one or more of the following:

1. Enrolled in early intervention
2. Getting any targeted therapies
3. Neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorder
4. Failed ITC (ages 6 months - 24 months)
5. Failed the EI screener (\>24 months)
6. Child s first degree relative has been diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism or schizophrenia, or severe mental illness, such as major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder

   Comments: Screening assessment
   * Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) \<= 2/hour and no other evidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB)

   EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

   Exclusion criteria for Group A (No known risk)

   -Meets inclusion criteria for Group B (known risk)

   Comments: Screening assessment

   -Any chronic or acute medical condition severe enough to interfere with overnight sleep study acquisition, such as a tracheotomy, uncontrolled seizure disorder, or ventilator dependency, or history of stroke or major neurologic insult. Taking any medications that is known to change sleep parameters within 2 weeks of screening polysomnogram.

   Comments: Screening assessment: Medical history

   -Any history of early intervention or diagnosis of a condition that put the child at risk for neurodevelopmental problems (e.g., genetic disorder, prenatal exposures, extreme prematurity)

   Screening assessment: Medical history

   Primary language other than English in the home

   Comments: Screening assessment

   -Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) \>2/hr or any other evidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB)
   * The children of NIMH employees and staff may not take part.

   Comments: Screening assessment

   Exclusion criteria for Group B (Known risk)

   -Any chronic or acute medical condition severe enough to interfere with completion overnight sleep study acquisition, such as a tracheotomy, uncontrolled seizure disorder, or ventilator dependency.

   Comments: Screening assessment: Medical history

   -Primary language other than English in the home

   Comments: Screening assessment

   -Diagnosed with any of the following common genetic disorders associated with intellectual impairment: Fragile X, Down Syndrome, PraderWilli, Rett, Angelman, Phelan -McDermid, Smith-Lemli-Opitz, identified with a disorders of autonomic dysfunction that might compromise breathing function (examples include congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, familial dysautonmia), disorders of skeletal deformities (Marfan, achondroplasia), a neurogenic condition (spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy), congenital myopathies or storage diseases (mucopolysaccharidosis, NCL, Wilsons, etc.)

   -The children of NIMH employees and staff may not take part.

   Comments: Screening assessment

   -Apnea hypopnea index \> 2/hr or any other evidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB)