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CYP2C19 Variants and Limonene Metabolism

Functional Consequences of CYP2C19 Variants on Limonene Metabolism in Humans

Who can join

Ages 18 to 45 · All sexes · Healthy volunteers welcome

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age range: Greater than 18 years and less than 45 years.
* Gender: Male or Female
* Ethnicities: East Asian

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant and/or Breastfeeding
* previous allergic reaction to limonene, citrus fruits, bovine gelatin, glycerin
* past medical history of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease
* veganism
* history of chest pain or shortness of breath in the past month
* certain medications that are CYP2C19 substrates or CYP2C19 inhibitors
* Non-East Asian descent
* age less than 18 y.o or age greater than 45 y.o

About the study

The investigators will examine whether a non-invasive screening tool for CYP2C19 genetic variants can be developed by measuring limonene metabolism.

What is being tested

• Limonene (dietary supplement)

Sponsor: Stanford University · Participants: 20 · Started: Oct 30, 2021

Contact the study team

• Eric Gross, MD/PhD · Phone: (650)721-4521

Official record on ClinicalTrials.gov — NCT05078723

Locations in the U.S.

From ClinicalTrials.gov, data retrieved Sep 30, 2026. Each study sets its own eligibility; the study team decides who can join.