Impact of Anti-inflammatory Medications in Patients With Elevated Serum Prostate-specific Antigen

Inclusion Criteria:

* Male patients age between 18-80 years old with a screening PSA \> 3 ng/ml being considered for additional diagnostic testing (e.g., MRI, biopsy)
* Normal digital rectal examination.
* No clinical symptoms concerning acute urinary tract infection (e.g. dysuria, malodorous urine, positive urine culture)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active urinary tract infections or bacteriuria
* Known prostate cancer
* Urethral catheter within the last 6 weeks
* History of hypersensitivity or allergy to ibuprofen or NSAIDs.
* Known severe chronic kidney disease: eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
* Known history of severe liver disease (elevated AST or ALT greater than 3 times upper limit of normal)
* History of gastrointestinal bleeding or NSAIDs induced GI adverse events
* Concomitant dual-antiplatelet use or anticoagulants
* Concomitant anti-inflammatory or steroidal drugs
* Known bleeding disorder(s)
* Patients with a solitary kidney or history of a kidney transplant
* Any other medical contraindication to NSAIDs