Epidural Stimulation After Neurologic Damage: Long-Term Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria:

* 22 years of age or older
* Able to undergo the informed consent process
* Stable spinal cord injury
* International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) neurologic level of injury below C5
* No ventilator dependency within the last year
* American Spinal Injury Association (AISA) imparement scale"A" or "B" in the absence of spinal cord stimulation
* Medically stable in the judgment of the Principal investigator
* Greater than 1 year since initial injury and at least 6 months from any required spinal instrumentation and 2 months from spinal cord stimulator surgery
* Has an existing and functional implanted spinal cord stimulator system that is FDA approved and can be corroborated by hospital documentation
* Spinal imaging of the stimulator system

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current and anticipated need for opioid pain medications or pain that would prevent full participation in the rehabilitation program in the judgment of the principal investigator
* Use of botulinum toxin (Botox) injections in the previous six months
* Clinically significant mental illness in the judgment of the principal investigator
* Other conditions or medications that would make the subject unable to participate in testing/rehabilitation in the judgment of the principal investigator
* Nonfunctional spinal cord stimulator or near end-of-life, determined by the PI
* Current Pregnancy
* Current pain relief from the spinal cord stimulator if the indication for implantation was for management of chronic pain.