AI-Assisted Treatment for Residual Speech Sound Disorders

Inclusion Criteria:

* Must speak a rhotic dialect of American English as a dominant language.
* Must have begun learning English by at least the age of 3 years.
* Must be between 9;0 to 17;11 years of age.
* Must have reported difficulty with /ɹ/ production.
* Must have reported hearing within normal limits.
* Must receive a Scaled Score of 5 or above on both the Listening Comprehension and Story Retelling subtests from the Test of Integrated Language \& Literacy Skills (TILLS).
* Must receive a percentile score of 8 or below on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3 (GFTA-3) Sounds in Words subtest.
* Must have 1 scorable response with 5+ consecutive correct /pataka/ with \> 3.4 syllables per second in the MRR-Tri task of the Maximum Performance Tasks OR must demonstrate no childhood apraxia of speech (CAS-only) features in BOTH articulatory and rate/prosody domains of the ProCAD.
* Must score \<40% accurate based on word-level items from our /ɹ/ probe list.
* Must score \>=15% accuracy on /ɹ/ on 45 syllables following Dynamic Assessment.
* Must express interest in changing their /ɹ/ production.
* Must have oral structure and function that are appropriate for /ɹ/ production.
* Must have access to broadband internet with videoconferencing capabilities

Exclusion Criteria:

* Must have no known history of autism spectrum disorder, Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, permanent hearing loss, epilepsy/antiepileptic medication, or brain injury/neurosurgery/stroke.
* Must not have diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette's, or Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
* Must have no orthodontic appliances that block the roof of the mouth (e.g., palate expanders).
* Must not have current cleft palate, fluency disorder, or voice disorder.
* Must not demonstrate childhood apraxia of speech (CAS-only) features in BOTH articulatory and rate/prosody domains of the ProCAD.