The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain Pathophysiology Associated With Ankle Fracture

Fracture Group:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18-85 years old
2. an isolated rotational ankle (AO/OTA 44 types A-C) fracture that is treated operatively
3. Abbreviated Injury Scale \< 3 for non-extremity body systems
4. can speak, read, and understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

1. treated for a chronic pain condition prior to their qualifying injury
2. on a pain contract
3. pathologic fracture
4. Daily use of gabapentin or opiods prior to enrollment

Control Group:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18-85 years of age
2. can speak, read, and understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic pain or an ongoing acute pain condition
2. Currently or have previously sustained a bone fracture
3. Current Pain medication usage
4. Any previous orthopaedic surgical procedures
5. Must have been free of any surgeries for at least 5 years
6. Peripheral neuropathy
7. Individuals having had a major surgery or a major disease or condition, as determined by the PI, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, renal disease, neurological disorders, or severe psychiatric conditions.