Effect of Force Magnitude on Canine Retraction and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Proteome

Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy patient, non-smoker
* Age: 11 - 16 years of age, inclusive.
* A full complement of dentition (central incisor to 1st molar) in the four quadrants, except second molars
* Patients requiring at least upper bilaterally maxillary 1st premolar extraction as a treatment plan (Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ crowding or Class II maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion/ crowding)
* At least 5 mm of space left between canine and 2nd premolar to be closed at the time of canine retraction
* At least six months after the extraction of first premolars and in a 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire in the maxilla
* The ability to read and understand English and to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients under 11 years of age and over the age of 16.
* Non-extraction treatment plan
* Extraction of maxillary tooth other than first premolars bilaterally.
* Evidence of poor oral hygiene
* Evidence of previous root resorption
* Missing or impacted tooth in any of the quadrant except 3rd molars.
* Medical issues that affect tooth movement
* Inability to provide oral and written consent to participate.
* Patient on medications that may alter bone metabolisms like bisphosphonates, oral contraceptives, or PTH (parathyroid hormone)
* Chronic illness or syndromic patients.
* Pregnant women, prisoners, and decisional impaired