The Effect of Peri-Operative Adjunctive Probiotics on Immunological Markers in Cases of Prosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip and Knee

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients ages 18-90 years of age.
* Diagnosis of PJI based upon Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria
* Planned treatment with surgical debridement, antibiotics, implant retention (DAIR), single- and two-stage revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for PJI with an anticipated plan for eventual discontinuation of oral/IV antibiotics.
* Patients with prior PJI in the same joint that has recurred.
* Patients who understand the benefits and risks associated with taking a probiotic and are willing and able to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Fungal PJI.
* Inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, history of intestinal surgery, or gastrointestinal issue where there is concern for gut integrity.
* Severe acute gastrointestinal diseases (active bowel leak, acute colitis, acute pancreatitis).
* Active endocarditis.
* History of pancreatitis
* History of intolerance to probiotics.
* Patients that are pregnant or lactating.
* Immunocompromised patients and patients with immunosuppressive conditions (uncontrolled HIV, chemotherapy for cancer treatment, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive medications for solid organ transplant, systematic corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive medications for autoimmune dysfunction, and neonates).
* Patients who are critically ill.
* Revision TJA for aseptic reasons.