iVS-1 Probiotic Intervention Targeting Biological Aging in Midlife Adults

Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 40-75 years.
* BMI: 20-34.9 kg/m².
* Able and willing to sign informed consent and participate for the study duration.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chronic disease history (liver, kidney, heart).
* Current pregnancy and/or lactating.
* Colonoscopy and/or its preparation within 4 weeks of screening.
* Those who intend to have children during study period.
* Current probiotic, prebiotics and/or metabolic-altering supplement use.
* Those who are unable to cooperate with investigators and testing.
* Known history of cancer and/or ongoing cancer treatments.
* Abuse of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, nicotine and other substances.
* History of cardiac diseases: atherosclerosis, heart failure, unstable angina, stable angina, etc., and chronic hypoxic disease: emphysema, pulmonary heart disease and others related.
* History of chronic and major GI disease (pancreatitis, IBS, and IBD) and intestinal surgeries.
* Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus.
* Poorly controlled chronic diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia) that are clinically unstable.
* Vulnerable groups, including clinically ill, mentally ill, cognitively impaired, minors, and illiterate etc.
* Significant weight loss (\>20%) in prior one month.
* Conditions affecting safety or outcome integrity.