Single-Fraction SBRT Versus Standard Palliative Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

* Pathologically confirmed malignancy
* Clinical or pathologic evidence of metastatic disease
* A site of malignant disease causing symptoms, or for which symptoms are imminent, in which radiation may be used for relief or prophylaxis
* Participants of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraceptive methods (e.g., hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* Participants with synchronous primary malignancies must have either: 1) documented control of their second malignancy or 2) have pathological confirmation of the metastatic lesion/disease site being targeted
* Participant must be willing and able to participate in protocol requirements, including pre- and post-treatment survey evaluations and clinical assessments
* Participant must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board approved written informed consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior radiation therapy targeting the same area for which radiation treatment is being planned (i.e., re-irradiation to a specific site of metastatic disease)
* Participants with known brain metastases
* Pregnant or nursing female participants
* Participants who are unable to accurately or reliably recount their pain medication regimens, including type, amount, or frequency of pain medication usage
* Participants who require or are being planned for surgical stabilization or metastasectomy of the planned radiation site
* Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows:

  * Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 3 months;
  * Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 3 months;
  * Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration;
  * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of registration
* Unwilling or unable to follow protocol requirements
* Any condition which, in the investigator?s opinion, deems the patient unable to participate in enrollment
* Adults unable to consent
* Individuals who are not yet adults (infants, children, teenagers)
* Pregnant women
* Prisoners