Lipoprotein Kinetics in T1D

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: ≥18 but ≤45 years
* premenopausal/eumenorrheic and not pregnant or breastfeeding
* non-obese (body mass index ≥18.5\<30.0 kg/m2)
* Fasting plasma triglyceride \<150 mg/dL

Additional inclusion criteria for control subjects:

* Fasting plasma glucose \<100 mg/dL
* Plasma glucose 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose challenge \<140 mg/dL
* HbA1c \<5.6%.

Additional inclusion criteria for subjects with T1DM:

* stable insulin regimen (multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin) for at least 8 weeks before screening
* no use of diabetes medications other than insulin
* HbA1c \<8.0%, basal (overnight fasted)
* no severe symptomatic hypoglycemic event associated with a seizure or requiring help from other people or a medical facility in the 6 months prior to screening or metabolic testing

Exclusion Criteria:

* more than 1.5 h of structured exercise/week
* use of tobacco products, excessive amounts of alcohol, or dietary supplements and/or medications known to affect lipid metabolism
* hypothyroidism or other disorders known to affect lipid metabolism
* conditions that would make it impossible to complete the study protocol