Trajectories of Recovery After Intravenous Propofol Versus Inhaled VolatilE Anesthesia Trial

Inclusion Criteria

Each patient must meet all of the following criteria:

1. Aged 18 years or older
2. Undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery expected to last ≥ 60 min requiring general anesthesia with a tracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway (or similar supra-glottic device)

Exclusion Criteria

Patients will not be enrolled if any of the following criteria are met:

1. Inability to provide informed consent in English (at all study sites) or Spanish (at sites where Spanish consent is provided as an option)
2. Pregnancy (based on patient report or positive test on the day of surgery)
3. Surgical procedure requiring general, regional, neuraxial anesthesia administered by an anesthesia clinician (anesthesiologist, CRNA, anesthesiology assistant) occurring within 30 days prior to or planned to occur within 30 days after surgery date
4. Contraindication to propofol TIVA or INVA (for example, documented allergy to propofol, history of severe postoperative nausea or vomiting, concern for or history of malignant hyperthermia) based on self-report
5. Surgical procedures requiring a specific general anesthesia technique (for example, TIVA required for neuromonitoring).
6. Locally approved, written protocol mandating a particular anesthetic technique
7. History of possible or definite intraoperative awareness during general anesthesia based on patient self-report
8. Planned postoperative intubation
9. Current incarceration