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Sex Hormones, Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use

Relationship Between Sex Hormones, Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use: the Role of Immune Factors

Who can join

Ages 11 to 16 · Women

Inclusion Criteria:

Pediatric female patients between the ages 11-16 undergoing an orthopedic (trauma and non-trauma) surgical procedure involving a long bone or joint, or the spine, English speaking

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy; Diagnosis of chronic pain, Psychiatric, developmental or neurological disorders, Disorders that are associated with pubertal maturation (e.g., precocious puberty).

About the study

Aim 1- To identify relationships between sex hormone levels and postoperative pain and opioid use.

Aim 2: To determine whether the effects of testosterone on postoperative pain and opioid use are mediated by immune factors

What is being tested

• Pain (behavioral)
• Opioid use (behavioral)

Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine · Participants: 210 · Started: Sep 1, 2023

Contact the study team

Official record on ClinicalTrials.gov — NCT06023225

Locations in the U.S.

Conditions

• Pain After Surgery

From ClinicalTrials.gov, data retrieved Sep 30, 2026. Each study sets its own eligibility; the study team decides who can join.