fMRI and Opioid Abstinence

Inclusion Criteria:

* recent initiation of methadone or buprenorphine at a clinic, program, or doctor within the past year (i.e., period of time during which treatment drop-out and risk for relapse is highest);
* eligibility for MRI scanning;
* ability to commit to study visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

* current acute psychosis, mania, or suicidal ideation with intent, as assessed during screening with the SCID-5;
* current intoxication or acute withdrawal at time of study visit sufficient to prevent participation based on: behavioral observation, breathalyzer, and SOWS assessment;
* severe cognitive impairment as determined via trained clinical research staff through consent process and during consent quiz or as indicated by a PROMIS Cognitive Function tscore \<30 (i.e., severe impairment)
* past or present history of intellectual disability, developmental disorder, or neurological disease;
* head trauma with loss of consciousness \>30 min;
* organ dysfunction or any unstable or untreated medical conditions that may interfere with study participation.