Physical Capacity Building for Chronic Stroke

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-80
* A diagnosis of stroke at least 6 months prior
* Residual paresis in the lower extremity (Fugl-Meyer lower extremity \[LE\] motor score \<34)
* Ability to walk without assistance and without an AFO during testing and training at speeds ranging from 0.2-1.0 m/s
* Ability to follow instructions, complete cognitive testing and to communicate exertion, pain and distress
* No antidepressant medications or no change in doses of psychotropic medication for at least 4 weeks prior to the study (6 weeks if newly initiated medication)
* HDRS17 question #3 and PHQ-9 question #9 regarding suicide ≤ 2
* Provision of informed consent.

In addition, depressed subjects will screen for probable major depressive disorder (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ≥ 10) and be diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression (SCID) according to the DSM-5.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to ambulate at least 150 feet or experienced intermittent claudication while walking
* Unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during ADL's
* Dementia
* Life expectancy \<1 yr
* History of DVT or pulmonary embolism within 6 months
* Uncontrolled diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, or frequent insulin reactions
* Severe hypertension with systolic \>200 mmHg and diastolic \>110 mmHg at rest
* Attempt of suicide in the last 2 years or suicidal risk assessed by depression screening
* Current enrollment in a rehabilitation trial to enhance motor, cognitive and or psychosocial recovery
* Severe cognitive impairment (MoCA score ≤15)
* Moderate to severe neglect that precludes cognitive testing

For brain stimulation procedures only:

* Electronic or metallic implants
* History of seizures
* Women of child bearing potential