COPD Exacerbation Follow Up

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 40 years or older at the time of arrival to the emergency department.
* Patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD who present to the emergency department for a moderate or severe COPD exacerbation.
* A moderate exacerbation is defined as an acute exacerbation requiring either systemic corticosteroids (such as intramuscular, intravenous or oral) and/or antibiotics.
* A severe exacerbation is defined as an acute exacerbation requiring hospitalization, or observation for \>24 hours in emergency department/urgent care facility or resulting in death.
* Patients on dual (LABA/LAMA, LABA/ICS, LAMA/ICS) or triple (LABA/LAMA/ICS) long-acting bronchodilator inhalers.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients on bronchodilator inhaler monotherapy.
* Patients leaving against medical advice or expiring during hospitalization.
* Patients with tracheostomy.
* Patients with advanced cancer.
* Patients who have received a lung transplant.
* Discharge to hospice care.
* Transfer to another hospital.