Effects of a Low Nicotine Standard and Tobacco Prices on Illegal Cigarette Purchasing

Inclusion Criteria:

* Provide informed consent Be at least 21 years of age or older Provide a breath sample for measuring carbon monoxide (CO ≥ 8 ppm) Stable tobacco use patterns for at least two months

Exclusion Criteria:

For exclusive cigarette smokers:

Smoke at least 10 cigarettes daily and do not use NVPs regularly (no more than 9 times in the last month).

For dual cigarette/NVP users:

Smoke at least 10 cigarettes daily and use NVPs at least 3 times in a week (report use of closed nicotine salt system)

For both groups:

Have plans to move out of the area Have a serious or unstable physical or mental health condition Taking a tobacco cessation medication or medication that interferes with nicotine metabolism, motivation or reinforcement Report concrete, immediate plans to alter/quit using their usual nicotine products at the beginning of the study Being pregnant or lactating