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Exercise and Protein Efficiency in T2D

Exercise Impact on Dietary Protein Efficiency in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Who can join

Ages 65 and older · All sexes · Healthy volunteers welcome

Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 65 years old
* Body mass index: 25-40 kg/m\^2
* Female: Waist to hip ratio \>0.8
* Male: Waist to hip ratio \>1.0
* Free from structured exercise during the prior 6 months (mo) weight stable for the prior 6 months

T2D group:

-Diagnosed by a physician with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) \>6.5%

Control group:

-Normoglycemic with HbA1c levels not exceeding 5.6% and fasting blood glucose levels below or equal to 99 mg/dL (5.5mmol)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled diabetes (evidence of HbA1c \> 10%, prescription of insulin)
* Diagnoses of diabetic neuropathy or failing diabetic neuropathy screening
* Statins
* Peripheral edema Consumption of ergogenic-levels of dietary supplements that may affect muscle mass (e.g., creatine, HMB), insulin-like substances, or anabolic/catabolic pro-hormones (e.g., DHEA) within 6 weeks prior to participation.
* Untreated hypothyroidism, epilepsy, medications that affect vasoactivity, possibility of pregnancy, and any neurological, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal disease that precludes exercise testing.

About the study

In this randomized controlled trial, 30 older adults (aged\> 65 years; 15 with T2D, 15 controls) will participate in a 12-week progressive exercise training program. They will undergo pre- and post-testing that includes body composition measures; oral glucose tolerance testing; cardiovascular fitness and muscle performance testing; dietary protein efficiency assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method; and a gut microbiota trial. The dietary protein efficiency trial will include repeated ingestion of crystallized amino acids (drink) containing stable isotopes, urine samples, and breath samples. The gut microbiome trial will consist of a single ingestion of a Mediterranean-based modeled meal enriched with 13C-phenylalanine (in the drink) and repeated blood draws. Participants will also be asked to give a fecal sample after the gut microbiome trial.

What is being tested

• 12 week progressive exercise training (other)

Sponsor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign · Participants: 30 · Started: Feb 9, 2026

Contact the study team

• Nicholas Burd (Professor), PhD · Phone: 2172440970
• Gena Irwin (Research Assistant), M.S · Phone: 3608883281

Official record on ClinicalTrials.gov — NCT07477067

Locations in the U.S.

Conditions

• Type 2 Diabetes
• Obesity

From ClinicalTrials.gov, data retrieved Sep 30, 2026. Each study sets its own eligibility; the study team decides who can join.