Young Onset Parkinson's Disease Subtypes and Pathogenic Mechanisms

Inclusion Criteria:

YOPD cohort:

1. Male or female 18 years or older (inclusive) of any race and ethnicity
2. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) confirmed by a movement disorder specialist and with an age of onset of less than or equal to the age of 50 years old
3. Willingness to undergo a skin punch biopsy

LOPD cohort:

1. Male or female 18 years or older (inclusive) of any race and ethnicity
2. Diagnosis of PD confirmed by a movement disorder specialist and with an age of onset after the age of 50 years

Healthy Control cohort:

1. Male or female 18 years or older (inclusive) of any race and ethnicity
2. Never been diagnosed with PD as reported by medical history and as assessed by study PI

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism (i.e. progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy) or secondary parkinsonism (i.e. normal pressure hydrocephalus, drug-induced parkinsonism).
2. Clinical history of autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disorder or exposure to chronic immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory medications.
3. Pregnancy
4. Dermatological conditions that would prevent performing skin punch biopsies