Deployment of a Novel National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical, Biomarker, Imaging, and Modifiers (CBI-M) Classification Framework for Emergency Department Patients With Glasgow Coma Scale 15 Traumatic Brain Injury (PIONEER-Prognosis)

Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), as defined by the 2023 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) criteria.
* Enrollment within 24 hours of injury.
* Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 at emergency department (ED) enrollment.
* Consent to study procedures, including:

  * Blood collection for biomarker measurement, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1).
  * Continuous use of a health-monitoring device for 3 months.
  * Follow-up assessments by telephone at 14 days and 90 days.
  * Completion of a daily symptom inventory via WHOOP/smartphone.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pre-existing neurological disability or pre-injury condition that would have resulted in a Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) score \<8 if assessed before the injury.
* High risk of loss to follow-up, including patients without a reliable phone, those experiencing homelessness, those who are incarcerated, or those who are wards of the state.
* Pregnancy at the time of enrollment.
* Inability to speak English or Spanish, which would prevent completion of the required assessments.