Optimization of NIBS for Treatment of Addiction

Inclusion Criteria

Participants must meet all of the following:

* Provide informed consent
* Age 18-85 years
* Diagnosis of opioid use disorder (DSM-5) with ongoing non-prescription opioid use confirmed by self-report and urine toxicology
* Report current opioid craving
* Enrolled in a certified Opioid Treatment Program and receiving methadone maintenance treatment
* Stable methadone dose prior to enrollment
* Reside locally with no plans to relocate during the study Exclusion Criteria

Participants will be excluded if they:

* Are pregnant
* Have frequent illicit stimulant use or acute stimulant intoxication
* Are using substances or medications that may interfere with study assessments (e.g., stimulant medications, buprenorphine-based therapies, naltrexone)
* Have significant neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, epilepsy, brain tumor), abnormal EEG findings, history of brain surgery, significant head injury, or unexplained syncope
* Have contraindications to noninvasive brain stimulation (e.g., metal in the head, implanted brain devices)
* Have moderate to severe depression or active suicidal ideation/behavior
* Have active malignancy
* Consume substances that could confound opioid toxicology results (e.g., poppy-seed products)