Whey Protein Ingestion and Glucose Control in Pre- and Post Diabetic Individuals

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females ages 50-70 years.
2. Body mass index between 25-45 kg/m2
3. Capable of providing informed consent.
4. COVID-19 negative and/or asymptomatic.
5. Willing to abstain from drinking alcohol or consuming marijuana and CBD products during the 7-day study meal period on two occasions.
6. HbA1c: 5.7-6.4% or 6.5% to 7.5% or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject who does not/will not eat dairy protein sources.
2. Subjects taking exogenous insulin injections or GLP /GIP injections or other appetite suppressants.
3. Unwilling to keep a detailed 7 day food journal on two occasions
4. Unwilling to wear a CGM for 7 days on two occasions and share the data with the research team.
5. Lactose intolerance.
6. Hemoglobin \<10g/dL at screening.
7. History of chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer in the 6 months prior to enrollment.
8. History of gastrointestinal bypass/reduction surgery.
9. Pregnant or lactating individuals.
10. History of a chronic inflammatory disease (e.g. Lupus, Crohn's disease)
11. Currently receiving androgen (e.g., testosterone) or anabolic (e.g., GH, IGF-I) therapy.
12. Currently using corticosteroid medications (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, etc.).
13. Unwilling to avoid using protein or amino-acid supplements during participation.
14. Unwilling to fast overnight.
15. Any medical condition or medication that the PI or clinical study staff finds contradictory to this study.